Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the Hepadanaviridae family. Which has highly infectious and stable through covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the cell nucleus of the host. The infection of HBV will result in acute or chronic necroinflammatory liver diseases. Moreover, chronic HBV infection isthe major cause of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to high death rates. Although an effective vaccine was introduced years ago, the percentage of existing HBV carriers remains high and vaccination is not a treatment for established infections. As a result, effective animal models of HBV are indispensable for both mechanism studies and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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